A total of 5 to 10% of women have urinary incontinence. Symptoms of overactive bladder resolve spontaneously over the period of a year in about one in four cases, but most have symptoms for many years. Many women also report stress incontinence, in which leakage occurs with physical exertion such as that involved in coughing, sneezing, or exercise. Women with urinary incontinence are bothered because the leakage is unexpected, sudden, and often of large volume. Leakage that occurs on hearing the sound of running water, washing hands, feeling the urge to urinate, suggested a diagnosis of urgency urinary incontinence. Physical examinations should be performed to rule out a pelvic mass and clinically significant pelvic-organ prolapse. Bladder training is a behavioral technique in which patients learn to urinate according to a schedule rather than in response to overly frequent urges.